Theories And Rational Choice Theory - 1274 Words

Introduction This paper will cover two criminological theories and they will be applied to two types of criminality. The two theories chosen for the paper were developmental theory and rational choice theory. The two types of crimes that were chosen were organized crime, specifically focusing on gangs, and terrorism. Then the crimes will be compared and contrasted. Finally, the developmental theory will be applied to organized crime to explain why and how it happens. The rational choice theory will be applied to terrorism to explain what compels individuals to attempt this form of criminality. Organized Crime (Gangs) The definition of organized crime is â€Å"crime committed by groups engaged in planned and sustained criminal activities†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Terrorism has been conducted throughout the world on numerous occasions. The groups that perform these actions come from multiple countries from all over the world. The United States even has some forms of terrorist groups and individuals. One of the biggest terrorist attacks was the destruction of the Twin Towers carried out by Al-Qaeda. Also recently there has been attacks in Paris and Great Britain, which were ISIS’s plan. The biggest terrorist organizations include the Taliban, Al-Qaeda and quite recently ISIS. The Taliban was founded in 1994, by Mullah Mohammed Omar, and they kill people in the name of jihad. Al-Qaeda was founded by Osama Bin Laden and also kill for jihad. Finally ISIS was founded recently hand continues to grow rapidly. They kill indiscriminately and how they see fit (Ppcorn, n.d.). Compare Organized Crime and Terrorism Organized crime and Terrorist groups are very similar in many ways. They both are structured with well thought out organization and are multi-leveled, just like a corporation would be. Both are involved with illegal business activities. This includes the smuggling and selling of drugs, kidnapping, and human trafficking. The members of the groups are normally deviant with their behavior. They consist or aggressive, violent, and dehumanizing natures. They feel satisfaction from killing innocent people and striking fear in the individuals that opposeShow MoreRelatedTheories Of Rational Choice Theory1766 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction When a natural scientist is interested in how something works, he usually observes, then constructs a theory which helps to interpret what he sees. Following the building of a model, the results of the experiment tell whether the theory correctly explained the phenomenon in question. Even in the case of the physical sciences, the construction of a model requires assumptions to be made, leading to the model omitting certain, preferably unimportant effectors. The same is true about modelsRead MoreRational And Rational Choice Theory3362 Words   |  14 PagesRational choice theory posits that any individual makes behavioral choices because they logically consider any potentially criminal situation, weigh the possible benefits versus the possible costs, and make a decision to act based on whether or not the benefits outweigh the risks. Rational choice theory differs from other philosophies in that it â€Å"denies the existence of any kinds of action other than the purely rational and c alculative. All social action, it is argued, can be seen as rationally motivatedRead MoreThe Rational Choice Theory1728 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity, CJ102 Criminology Unit Five Midterm Project The Rational Choice theory approach has been used by social and political scientists to put some type of meaning of why humans behave in a certain way. In recent years, rational choice theory has been widely used in other disciplines such as sociology, political science, and anthropology. It has gained influence in politics and sociology over the past thirty years. This choice theory stressed the role of knowledgeable self interest in the decisionRead More Rational Choice Theory Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesThere are three main points that are reinforced in rational choice theory (Cornish and Clarke, 1986). First, it may work better or worse for different types of crime, yet it is thought that there are rational choices in every type of crime even impulsive and pathologic crimes. Second, the theory should be applied on a crime-specific basis. Hence, burglaries can’t be grouped together in among residential and commercial categories. Rather, they must be broken into sm aller facets such as publicRead MoreRational Choice Theory Of Rape1465 Words   |  6 Pagesby using the Rational Choice Theory, rape can be eliminated in today’s society by the use of castration as a punishment for offenders and as a deterrence for possible future offenders. Rape has been an ongoing issue within society for centuries. In early times, men raped women for reproductive purposes. Today, it is still believed that men rape in order to reproduce, but mainly in order to show power and dominance towards women (Thornhill Palmer, 2000). The Rational Choice Theory (RCT) statesRead MoreDeterrence And Rational Choice Theory777 Words   |  4 Pagespeople may feel as if the deterrence theory does not work. Due to the fact that crime still happens in the world. This essay will look at the support for the theory. As well as the key problems for the theory. Next, it will explain some of the newest directions in deterrence/rational choice theory. Finally, it will either agree/disagree with someone’s thought on deterrence and how it does not work and is a waste of time to study. Deterrence and rational choice are two different things. DeterrenceRead MoreDeterrence And Rational Choice Theory3785 Words   |  16 PagesDeterrence and Rational Choice Theory and the three strikes laws are seen by some researcher as the way to maintain control, deter crime and deliver harsh punishment for repeat offenders by subjecting them to the three strikes law. They believe that if the punishment is harsh that offenders will be deterred to commit crime. We will take a look at these theories, and see if they are really the answer to our crime problems in the USA. It will also allow us to ask the question which is: can theories work betterRead MoreRational Choice Theory: Merits and Limitations1195 Words   |  5 Pagesinsight into Rational Choice Theory. This theory, highly relied upon by many disciplines, is also used to calculate and determine crime and criminal behavior. Through definition, example and techniques utilized by criminologists, the reader will have a better understanding of the subject. By definition, criminology is the study of crime, criminal behavior and how it pertains to the law. Criminology is considered a scientific technique. Therefore, those who study and carry out its theories are consideredRead MoreInside Job : Rational Choice Theory1336 Words   |  6 Pagesdemonstrates rational choices being made by individuals that caused a nearly global financial collapse. Through examination of rational choice theory and evidence from the film, it will explain how main characters of the film are rational actors. Rational choice theory was developed by Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham; both were Enlightenment philosophers. The theory states that each person or rational actor weighs the cost and benefits of their action and ultimately makes their own choices. BeccariaRead MoreRational Choice Theory And Human Behavior964 Words   |  4 PagesIn its simplest form, Rational Choice Theory finds its role in economics, which also plays a big role in human behavior. Most often, people are motivated by money and the possibility of making a profit and will calculate the costs and benefits for them before deciding what to do. While economic theories look at production, distribution and consumption of goods and services, Rational Choice theorists argue that these same principles can be used to understand human interaction where using time, information

Toyota Case Study - 2227 Words

T Organizational structure and environment: case study Toyota is one of the biggest manufacturers in the world; it is a huge global company as well. Whit the world economy climate changing, Now Toyota is in the case of a sensitive period. There are some issues and challenges that company has to confront. This assignment is a case study of Toyota. The characteristic of Toyota’s structure and environment will be explored and discussed. Issues of Toyota will be connected with company’s structure and environment. The organization theory will be used to explore what issues and how did issues happen in the Toyota. The author will use some evidences and examples to support his arguments. Toyota was established by Sakichi Toyoda in 1937.†¦show more content†¦There are several points in dimensions of organizational social structures: size, administrative, differentiation, integration, centralization, standardization, formalization, specialization. Connect these points with Toyota, differentiation, Specialization; formalization and centralization need to be analyzed. Differentiation, there are two factors of differentiation, vertical and horizontal. (Hatch Cunliffe 2006 P106) Vertical means in the organization, there are many levels of hierarchy exist; different division of hierarchy has their own authority. Otherwise, horizontal means that different division of labor in the organization. There are several functional departments in the organization, each of these departments has a manager, the manager has authority to deal with any problem during the working and if employees have any problem then they should report to that manager. Toyota can be described a horizontal organization. Toyota believes that when people want to connect with each other then they must be standardized and direct, time is the most important factor. The company uses a card which is called kanban card. It is used to connect with each worker who working in the plant, when worker needs some parts for production, they use kanban card only when they need that parts. (Spear Bow en 1999 P100-101) Centralization, Robbins Barnwell (2002 P105-107) state that centralization means the decision is madeShow MoreRelatedToyota Case Study2241 Words   |  9 PagesT Organizational structure and environment: case study Toyota is one of the biggest manufacturers in the world; it is a huge global company as well. Whit the world economy climate changing, Now Toyota is in the case of a sensitive period. There are some issues and challenges that company has to confront. This assignment is a case study of Toyota. The characteristic of Toyota’s structure and environment will be explored and discussed. Issues of Toyota will be connected with company’s structure andRead MoreCase Study Of Toyota Motor Corporation ( Or Toyota )1220 Words   |  5 Pagesthe production of products. Case Study Toyota Motor Corporation (or Toyota) is a Japan-based multinational automobile manufacturer. The company was founded in 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda (‘History of Toyota, n.d.). Over the years, the company has expanded and nowhasits production in various countries across the world. Moreover, it uses localized dealerships and manufacturing plants as well as regional headquarters to penetrate international markets(‘History of Toyota, n.d.). The firmisconsistentlyRead MoreToyota Case Study : Toyota Australia Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction of the Company Toyota Australia is a subsidiary of Toyota Motor Corporation, company that was established in 1937 and since that time is one of the most recognized companies in the automotive industry worldwide. Toyota has manufacturing activities in 26 countries and its cars are sold in 170 countries around the world under the Daihatsu, Hino, Lexus and Toyota brands. (Toyota Australia 2016) Toyota Australia has had presence in this country for over 50 years and is a leading manufacturerRead MoreToyota Case Study Analysis1087 Words   |  5 PagesCase Assignment: Toyota Case Study Summary Although there is no way to predict the next step for organizations in the future, Toyota, located in Japan, was established in 1937 and began making vehicles for the military during World War II and has been successful in keeping up with the changes. Nevertheless, researchers have attempted to adapt the â€Å"product line† method of leadership in order to obtain the same results of business success. The success of a business is in the organization’s behaviorRead MoreToyota Case Study : Toyota Company1309 Words   |  6 PagesToyota is one of the largest manufacturers of cars in the world, with scores of factories in dozens of countries. Its standing in the automotive world as the most successful and most profitable carmaker is unquestioned. The historical background of Toyota began in 1933 with the organization being a division of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works gave to the creation of autos under the heading of the organizer s child, Kiichiro Toyoda. Kiichiro Toyoda had flown out to Europe and the United States in 1929Read MoreToyota Case Study Essays985 Words   |  4 PagesToyota case study Introduction This case study examines the corporate communication in Toyota 2010 Global Vision programme. Consider the vision articulated by Toyota and its alignment with the company’s image with external stakeholders and the internal culture. Is there sufficient alignment between vision, culture and image? Is there potential for any gaps to emerge between them? In 2002 Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) has adopted 2010 Global Vision programme as a new strategy. The programmeRead MoreToyota Case Study Analysis1553 Words   |  7 PagesToyota From: Toyota in 2009: The Origin and Evolution of the World’s Leading Automobile Manufacturer by: Charles Hill The Toyota Case study by Professor Hill includes several very interesting items for consideration. Among the most notable is the difference between Toyota’s manufacturing processes and those in use by the majority of the automotive industry, including the large automobile manufacturers in the United States. There are several important items that are integral to Toyota’s manufacturingRead MoreToyota Case Study Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesLife in the Fast Lane? Overview: The Toyota Production System has long been hailed and admired as the source of Toyota’s outstanding performance as a manufacturer. TPS aims to eliminate waste, reduce defects and maximize flow. TPS aims to increase efficiency and productivity by employing a unique production system that cuts costs through continuous improvement. Long term goal is to yield sharp reductions in product development and manufacturing lead times. Toyota want to be the industry best and theyRead MoreCase Study : Toyota And Ford Essay3044 Words   |  13 Pagesmakers and their respective crises and the critical management decisions that were made and their impact. Toyota and Ford as we all know have a very strong industry reputation as well as millions of loyal and faithful followers and owners of their vehicles; however, these two giants of the automobile industry had two of the most publicized cases in modern day history. From 1973 to 1975, Ford’s case involved the explosion of its Pinto s defective fuel system design which led to the death of 27 peopleRead MoreToyota Prius Case Study2685 Words   |  11 PagesToyota Case Toyota Motor Corp. (TMC) Should the new Toyota president accelerate the launch scheduled for the Toyota Prius? The plan to introduce the car â€Å"at the end of 1998 with expected production of 1000 units per month†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Reinhardt, Yao amp; Egawa, 2006) is an extremely aggressive and ambitious goal; but, is it in TMC’s best interest to speed up the planned launch? There is no doubt that the new president (Hiroshi Okuda) is under extreme pressure to compete in a global market, he believes

The Story Of Alaynas Journey To The King - 1305 Words

Life in King’s Landing fell into its usual routine once the royal party returned from Harrenhal. Although it was not without tension as most of the court still whispered about Rhaegar’s actions at the conclusion on the tourney and who could blame them? Alayna most certainly didn’t seeing as she had yet to speak with the crowned prince any more than necessary since her return to the capital. At the moment, Elia’s health and well being ranked above Rhaegar and his needs as far as Alayna was concerned. Anything else would have to wait for the time being. Three moons had passed since Alayna resumed her place in court. Peculiar as it was, she felt as if she’d never left in the first place. Perhaps this had more to do with her lingering†¦show more content†¦He held the power to ruin everything Rhaegar was building with a simple murmur in the wrong ear. His influence also seemed to grow as Aerys descended even further into madness. Rhaegar’s supporters included most of his friends like Griff, Ser Myles Mooton, Ser Richard Lonmouth, Prince Lewyn, and Arthur. While these men didn’t hold quite the same influence over the court as Aerys’ followers, they were much younger and more adaptable in their ways of winning undecided courtiers to their side. Oddly enough most of the prince’s allies were men of action rather than words something more and more people were beginning to crave as Aerys’ promises at the beginning of his reign had become nothing more than wind. Alayna supposed she could count herself and Ashara among those who advocated for their prince although his actions had certainly placed a strain on their relationship with him. Even stranger still was the fact the task of keeping the peace between the factions fell to the blundering Grand Maester Pycelle and the newly minted Hand of the King, Owen Merryweather. Compared to his predecessor, Lord Merryweather was a rather incompetent Hand only good for throwing feasts and keeping spirits lifted to distract from what was brewing. Alayna knew if Lord Tywin still filled the position, the Lion wouldn’t have allowed such estrangement to happen in the first place. The Lord of

The Road And The Hunger Games - 1962 Words

Both novels, The Road and The Hunger Games, share a common theme of survival and violence. In the book, The Road the entire setting and plot illustrate the apparent collapse of all on Earth and the violence of this dystopian world adds to the dreadfulness of survival, as many humans have reverted to terrible behaviors of murder and cannibalism. As well, a discussion of violence in The Hunger Games must consider the role violence plays in the narrative, although the film is about children who are forced to kill each other, the book does not glorify or celebrate violence. Both authors, Cormac McCarthy and Suzanne Collins, use a survival theme to present the hardships Kat Everdeen and the Man and Boy must endure to stay alive; thus, the use†¦show more content†¦Also, after walking past a village, the son claims to have seen a little boy and begs his father if they can go back and get him. The man then says â€Å"Stop it. We can’t[,]† (McCarthy 80) and thinks that his son sees things. Again, the selfish desire to survive prevents him from helping others. He does not want to go back because he does not want to do anything that will risk their lives. The thirst for survival becomes greater than his conscience. Hence it prevents him from giving into his son. Another time this occurs is when the man and his son are robbed by a stranger. The man catches him and takes back their stuff, along with the thief’s belongings. The son begs the father to show mercy on the criminal, but the father does not care and so â€Å"they set out along the road south with the boy crying and looking back at the nude and slat-like creature standing there†¦ Shivering and hugging himself.† (McCarthy 229). One of the man’s worst fears is to come across an individual who will harm him or his son. Having that fear flashed before his eyes cause him to show no mercy for any human. He does not care that the thief was left naked and cold, or on the verge of dying. The need to survive can place any individual in this situation where his only goal is to survive and to do so; he will even become a man willing to dismiss another person in need of aid. Also, the man and his son enter manyShow MoreRelatedA Comparison Of The Hunger Games And The Road1638 Words   |  7 Pagesone of the many virtues we as humans believe we are born with. However, living in a world much like the one described in both The Hunger Games and The Road novels, some may argue that turning off one’s humanity is a necessity. Nevertheless, both novels prove that while some characters had to turn off their humanity in a horrific world like The Hunger Games and The Road, the two main characters of each book demons trated how a barbaric world could not take that virtue from them. ​These two worlds CollinsRead MoreSummary Of The Hunger Games And The Road1012 Words   |  5 PagesBoth the Hunger Games and The Road are two books set in a similar kind of condition of being poor, investigated selections of people confronting a trial of humankind, affected by human modernization and innovation and passionate power. We will investigate the diverse subjects and look at the rationale between the pages. In correlation, The Road topics made an incredible showing with regards to of showing his characters feelings and clarifying all that they were encountering. I feel that the storyRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 949 Words   |  4 Pagesclosely relate to certain aspects of â€Å"1984† is â€Å"The Hunger Games† series. In â€Å"The Hunger Games† the country is divided up into thirteen districts in which all of them have very high governmental power. Each year a male and a female will randomly get selected from each district, from then on all of the candidates are put into an arena in which they fight until one victor remains. Many correlations can be made between the two, for starters in â€Å"The Hunger Games† the country is split up into different districtsRead MoreLife Is Like A Game And The Hunger Games1464 Words   |  6 Pagestrying to extrapolate the future. A prime example of this is the novel The Hunger games and the award winning movie Battle Royale. The famous quote â€Å"life is like a game† is quite literally represented in the book The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins as teenagers fight to death in an arena created by a totalitarian government. Similarly in the movie Battle Royale one of the most famous quotes said by Teacher Kitano â€Å"Life is a game. So fight for survival and see if youre worth it† is illustrated throughoutRead MoreThe Movie Hunger Games Essay868 Words   |  4 PagesThe last movie is the novel adaptation, Hunger Games series came to a close on November 17, 2015. The final film in the series, Mockingjay Part 2, follows the same strategy as another young-adult movie franchise, Twilight. The book turned movie raised its nearly unknown cast to rock star status and enormous profit. This sci-fi, adventure is violent. Scenes of blood oozing out of actors and actresses earned the PG-13 rating. The violence was spread evenly, however, the out the 137 minute durationRead MoreThe Hunger Games Theme- Identity1639 Words   |  7 Pagesdreams, fears? It is all that and more. Your identity makes up who you are. It is always growing and ever-changing. Your identity is what makes you human. Finding it can be a struggle, maintaining it can be even harder. Katniss and Peeta in The Hunger Games were two examples of finding and holding onto your identity. Katniss was the girl who had to grow up to fast. She had to learn how to provide for her family, to be strong. Katniss thought to do this she had to create a wall to hold back all theRead MoreFood Security Is The Deadliest Category Of Malnutrition918 Words   |  4 Pagesonly about half of those organizations have been helping Nigeria. In fact, the north-east part of Nigeria is suffering severely from hunger causing an actu al famine, which means that about 30% of the population are acutely malnourished there (Hunger games, 2016). To help the disputes occurring in Nigeria, the military has been attempting to secure the major roads and help the small towns that have been under attack, causing all of the problems and food insecurities throughout the country. AnotherRead MoreCultural And Social Aspects Of The Great Depression1073 Words   |  5 Pagescivilians. Herbert Hoover, the president during the Depression, attempted to recover the economic crisis that Americans were quickly spiraling into like water going down a drain. Unfortunately, after multiple disappointing attempts, he failed. The Hunger Games broke out when food riots occurred during the 1930-’31 in multiple cities across the United States. All of these tragic events led to street violence. Gangsters were exceedingly common in the 1930s. Depression Era gangsters such as Al â€Å"Scarface†Read MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins2436 Words   |  10 PagesThe Hunger Games is a science fiction and adventure film, based on the nove l written by Suzanne Collins, which explores concepts of Marxism and numerous aspects of its principles through the dystopian world of Panem. The Hunger Games follows Marxist theories on bourgeoisie and proletariat class structure as well as capitalist production and the distribution of good. Thelma and Louise, a 1991 film directed by Ridley Scott, is often referred to by critics as â€Å"the ultimate feminist film†. This filmRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1163 Words   |  5 Pagesparking lot. As it continues hundreds of red semi-trucks covered in white lights appear. Through the trees you catch a glimpse of the Coca Cola label and Santa sitting in a chair drinking a coke. While Christmas music plays children run to line the road to watch the trucks pass. As the commercial continues the music gets louder and more lights start to light up with trees. The commercial then flashes to a father reading a Christmas story to his son while sharing a coke. The family he ars the noise

Tesla Motors

Question: Write an overview of the company Tesla Motors. Answer: Introduction: The purpose of this paper is to recommend a suitable market for expansion of the business of electronic cars of Tesla Motors. Inc. for the same purpose, it is important to evaluate the current situation of the electric vehicle industry worldwide. Understanding the opportunities for further expansion is also important. For this a detail analysis of the selected market will be done. Based on the analysis, certain recommendations will be made that are necessary for the company to evaluate, before entering the new market. Overview of the company: Tesla Motors, Inc. is an American automotive company that manufactures and designs electric cars and vehicles. Tesla Roadster was the first fully electric sports car that followed other electric sedan and luxury vehicles. The company has revenue of US$ 4.04 billion in the recent time (Teslamotors.com 2016). The company has wide market throughout the globe in major countries of America, Europe and Asia. Demand for sustainable and electronic vehicles is increasing and it automatically increases the opportunity of companies like Tesla to come up with better sustainability and innovative products. Tesla has better chances of expansion in the countries like India, Dubai, New Zealand and many other places as well. In fact, expansion of Tesla Motors in Dubai has been into the news since a long time and several approaches have already been taken by the company to operate in Dubai. Industry situation analysis: Analysis of the industry is very important before approaching for any kind of business expansion decision. Understanding both the internal and external factors that affect the business of the industry has to be understood before making any business plan. Global Macro by the means of PESTLE framework Political Political factors determine how the government interferes in the working of company. For electronic cars, good infrastructure and investment to improve the environmental condition is very important (Rothaermel 2015). Thus, investment in the RD fosters certain positive effect on technology effect and e-cars industries. Political factors both in UK and Dubai are in favor of introduction of e-cars. Economic Electric vehicles are very costly. The cost for its energy consumption and its resulting costs are very essential. The cost also includes charging stations. Thus, only an economically forward country can afford such cars. Both the countries are economically prosperous to afford e-cars. Social Social factors affect the demand of the product. To increase the demand of e-cars, mobility is basic requirement. Space density of a country increases the concept of flexible vehicles (Ivanova 2015). Infrastructure and roads of Dubai and UK are supportive enough for e-car driving. Technological The most challenging technological factor for electronic cars is the manufacturing of its battery. Again, lightweight construction of the car also keeps great impact. Both the countries have good background with respect to their technological inventions. Legal Legal factors include the rules and regulations regarding the disposal of its lithium ion batteries. Satisfying the customers by its sustainability approach sometimes become really challenging for these manufacturers (Shende 2014). Legal factors are very strict regarding the disposal of such elements. Environmental With the declining condition of environment with increasing pollution, electric cars are gaining more attention than cars with combustible engines. Both the countries support any kind of approach that would make the environment sustainable. Global Micro analysis by Porters Five Forces Threat of new entrant In case of e-cars, the threat is somehow low because other companies have their own niche products. However, companies like Apple as well are investing in the manufacturing of e-cars. Bargaining power of buyers Tesla remains largely depended on its partners like Daimler and Toyota. For the same reason, Tesla has to give a good amount of its share to these companies (Yilmaz and Ustaoglu 2013). Threat of substitute Automated e-cars are considerably low in the market because there are other vehicles such as cycles or e-bikes that are more preferable to vehicle users (Kang et al. 2016). Bargaining power of suppliers Tesla has over 200 suppliers including Panasonic as one of them. Their suppliers are reliant and working together with them has proved fruitful for the company. Intensity of rivalry Car industry is very competitive. For Tesla, major competitors like BMW, Audi, and Volkswagen can put great impact on the market of e-cars (Calegari, Sibley and Turner 2015). Apart from that inventions of alternatives such as eco-friendly cars like hybrid cars or cars operating with bio-fuel and turbo diesel are also increasing in recent time. Market attractiveness and potential barriers to entry Market attractiveness: In the quest of creating a sustainable and suitable environment, major focus has been made on introducing environment friendly cars. Many manufactures are seeing the comeback of electronic cars in recent time as well. But, what particular technology will make sense remains an issue of debate. Along with the increasing demand of such cars globally, there are certain potential barriers as well that will not let the entry of cars be such a smooth process. Since, the cars manufactured by Tesla Motors are quiet expensive, it can only make good market in those countries, which are economically prosperous (Joung and Kim 2013). For instance, Middle-East countries like Dubai or Asian countries such as India or other countries like New Zealand might be good market for the company if they think of their business expansion. Potential barriers to entry Certain threats might persist. These are: Challenges regarding sustainable auto mobility Challenges regarding technological improvement Infrastructure of the roads In this respect, it has to be mention that Middle-east countries have rich source of oil and petroleum. Thus, cost of fuel there is relatively less than other countries globally. So people have greater fascination towards fuel driving cars and not electronic cars (Fu, Hao and Chen 2015. This could be one of the important factors, which would create threat for the company to enter in the car market of Dubai. Recommended market by 12 Cs framework New Zealand trusts in its own technology and is successful in the same. Thus, entering in such a market might not be fruitful. Again, India falls under developing nations. Many rich people can easily afford e-cars. But when it comes to selling a product in a foreign country, a huge demand for the product can only make the business operation successful. So it can be assumed that Dubai could be the best suitable market for Tesla to enter. Recommended market for business expansion of Tesla Motors is Dubai. 12 Cs frameworks can explain the advantages of entering in the market of Dubai: Customers Knowing the customers and what they want will make a company successful in driving their business operation in international countries. People of Dubai are all luxury lovers and they usually owe more than one car. This could be one of the reasons that would help Teslas market to increase (Khan 2014). Clients Helping the customers to reach their goals by developing new and innovative ideas regarding design of the car or the technology used in it will definitely attract more clients and customers. Competitors There are big competitors such as Mercedes, BMW, and Volkswagen which deliver best suitable cars to car lovers (Hugstad and Durr 2015). So Tesla needs to come up with such products that will fight with the top rivals otherwise the awakening will be very rude. Customer experience Experience of car lovers depends on the design, technology and the comfort that the car provides them. Thus, providing high comfort luxury cars could be one of the criterions that Tesla has to fulfill. Content and tools The product must have certain qualities that would differentiate it from the existing products (Vidaver-Cohen and Brnn 2015). For example, Tesla might come up with charging stations at different regions to support the car lovers experience unstoppable rides. Commerce The company has to invest a lot in developing a strong market in Dubai. Investing in marketing and promotion, e-commerce product sale, licensing revenue and others include in the list of things where the company has to invest. Community Community is never created but it is served. Being a good host in a community is always appreciated. Tesla has to understand the needs of the people of the community (Sun and Yin 2016). Everyone in Dubai is car lover which welcomes new and innovative car companies to enter in the market. Connections Connecting with the customers and suppliers is again important for a company that aims at entering a new market. Advertisement is a mode of connecting with people. Apart from that making corporate relationship with suppliers can also prove to be fruitful (Kumar et al. 2014). Corporate Keeping the right people at right place affect the business to a great extent. Thus, it is expected that only capable and reliable people are given are responsibility to look after the expansion procedure in the market of Dubai. Core technology People are highly advanced in terms of technology. There are cars with great technological features available. Coming up with better technology is an essential criteria. Cars with more comfort level or battery that has more power to drive the car are some of the essential technological factors that Tesla cars should provide (Engels and Jansson 2015). Collaboration One cannot consider its company to be an island. Collaborating with partners or other technological vendors can be can be really fruitful. Collaborating with existing companies like Volkswagen or BMW can bring prosperity to its business. Care Selling the product once and then forgetting about customer service is the worst plan that any company could make. It is evident that companies that serve customers at every instance receive better loyalty and response from the customers. So it is advisable that there must be a customer care service available for the Tesla e-car buyers. Recommended market entry strategy The best suitable market entry strategy for Tesla in the market of Dubai could be direct entry without the means of collaboration or partnership. The company is a renowned and well established Car Company and has enough financial capital to support the expenses required for opening new showrooms in Dubai. It is an old policy of Tesco to sell cars online but in Dubai, Tesla might open few showrooms where the car will have physical appearance visible to the expected buyer. People of Dubai have enough per capita capability to buy cars (Bhavani and Kukunuru 2016). If the purchaser finds it attractive or suitable for himself, there lies a higher probability that the person will buy the car. Franchising or making partnership with other companies might not be a good idea of expansion because it will decline the already existing brand image of the company. Coupling with other companies might snatch away the distinct presence of the particular brand name of Tesla. Empowering as a single trader might prove to be expensive for the company but loans or other financial help can be easily acquired (Hickman, Desai and Potter 2014). Again, in order to lower the expenses, the company might open up their own manufacturing unit as well. The fact that the cost of the car will be increased does not hold any negative impact on the business because people in Dubai are rich and they are in fact fond of luxury and costly cars. The announcement of the entry of the company can be made by the means of press conference. Recommended marketing mix by 7Ps of marketing A recommended marketing mix can be framed using the 7Ps of marketing. Product The product is the electronic car that will run with the help of battery. The idea behind this concept is to reduce the use of fuel and make the environment more sustainable (Dobbs 2014). Place The recommended market for this product is Dubai. Expansion can be made in other middle east countries as well such as Oman and Qatar. The places which are economically strong should be made the targeted places for business expansion (Magretta 2013). Promotion The best means of promotion could be by directly reaching the targeted consumers. The company could use cookies to from the store information and directly promoting the products to the expected consumer. Apart from that direct calling and informing people about the launch of the product can also work. It has to be mentioned that television advertisement or social media advertisements might not be very fruitful because as commented by McLay (2014), people who have affinity towards luxury cars do not sit in front of television all the day. Advertisement in various newspaper dailies and magazines can draw attention of the target group of people. Price $40,321 could be the starting price of the cars offered by the company. The company should not be worried about pricing strategy and in fact the premium pricing of the cars could be one of the attracting factors for the target consumers. Depending on the manufacturing cost along with promotional activities or and expenses, the cost of the car could be fixed. People As already mentioned people of Dubai are luxury lovers and they prefer to lead a luxurious and comfortable life. Almost every single person owns a car of his own. In fact, people own more than one car. There are still the existences of king and princes who can never think of compromising with their life style (Hickman, Desai and Potter 2014). However, with the increasing concern about the sustainability of environment, people are looking for eco-friendly vehicles for their mobility. So, if the product affords good comfort and great luxury, people could buy them easily. Process The process of delivering the car can be both, by the means of selling the car directly from the physical showrooms, and by online selling as well. Tesla is well known for its online selling of cars. However, for the market of Dubai opening showroom and dealing with the expected customers directly seems to be a better idea (Magretta 2013). Physical evidence Tesla might offer free rides to target group of people to make a physical evidence of their car. The idea of establishing charging station could also mark the physical evidence of the car and the company as well. Conclusion by SWOT analysis Strengths Weakness Innovative technology and design Customers loyalty Cannot compete with fuel efficient cars Limited market Threats/challenges Opportunities Other competitors like Mercedes and BMW Opening of charging stations Economically rich market People are concerned about environmental sustainability Analyzing the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of the company is can be said that Tesla motors designs best cars and they can easily compete with the other cars belonging to the same category. Electric vehicles by other companies are a combination of computer operated and a gasoline car engine. But, Tesla makes only electric operated cars that portray the best technological advancement in this field. Apart from this, its customer care service has brought customer loyalty to its company. The company is also supported with good team of staffs who are the backbone of the companys success. The CEO or the engineers of the company have been supporting the business of the company since a long time in different parts of the world. Tesla has great opportunity of expanding in the country like Dubai because of the wealthy population there and peoples affinity towards luxury and innovative car models. Among the minor crisis that the company has to face is a good CEO or operating manager who is capable enough to expand the business in an international forum like Dubai. Again, opening charging stations like gasoline or petroleum pumps could also be challenging for the company. There is also threat from other car manufacturing companies as well who have future plans in making electronic cars. However, it can be said without any doubt that expansion in the country of Dubai can never be flop idea for Tesla. Cited reference list Bhavani, G. and Kukunuru, S.G., 2016. Impact of EXPO 2020 on Dubai Financial MarketAn Event Study on Banks, Investment and Insurance Sectors.International Journal of Financial Research,7(2), p.p163. Calegari, M.F., Sibley, R.E. and Turner, M.E., 2015. A Market Analysis Framework for Business Doctoral Education Opportunities.Academy of Marketing Studies Journal,19(3), p.73. Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), pp.32-45. Engels, A. and Jansson, A., 2015. A data driven approach of optimizing the handling of limousine drivers in Dubai. Fu, R., Hao, Y. and Chen, X., 2015. Low Carbon Governance and Carbon Auditing: An Analysis Framework. Hickman, R., Desai, V. and Potter, R.B., 2014. Transport and sustainability. The Companion to Development Studies, p.378. Hugstad, P.S. and Durr, M., 2015. A study of country of manufacturer impact on consumer perceptions. 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An Application of Mixed Method in Forecasting Global Fuel Injection System (FIS) Market.The International Journal of Business Management,2(5), p.188. Magretta, J., 2013.Understanding Michael Porter: The essential guide to competition and strategy. Harvard business press. McLay, A., 2014. Re-reengineering the dream: agility as competitive adaptability.International Journal of Agile Systems and Management,7(2), pp.101-115. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Shende, Vikram. 2014 "Analysis of research in consumer behavior of automobile passenger car customer."International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications4, no. 2 1. Sun, Q., Xu, L. and Yin, H., 2016. Energy pricing reform and energy efficiency in China: Evidence from the automobile market.Resource and Energy Economics,44, pp.39-51. Teslamotors.com, 2016, Tesla. Available at: teslamotors.com/en_GB/ [Accessed on 6-7-2016] Vidaver-Cohen, D. and Brnn, P.S., 2015. Reputation, responsibility, and stakeholder support in Scandinavian firms: A comparative analysis.Journal of Business Ethics,127(1), pp.49-64. Yilmaz, S. and Ustaoglu, M., 2013. Electric Vehicles Production in Turkish Automotive Industry and Sectoral PEST Analysis.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,75.

Advertising and Promotion Integrated Marketing Communications

Question: Discuss about the Advertising and Promotion for Integrated Marketing Communications. Answer: Introduction: This report discusses about the Samsungs integrated marketing communication strategies that have been implemented after the battery explosion case of Note 7. The discussion is supported with the analysis of companys communication mix along with the analysis of brand image and awareness. The last part of the report discusses about the recent integrated communication plan of the company. Advertising is the most important part of Samsungs promotion. It is the strategy that is used by this brand for attracting most of its customers. The company uses color schemes in its advertisements in order to attract the customers (Kitchen and Burgmann, 2010). At the time of advertising Samsung galaxy S, the company has used different slogans such as Dont contain yourself. Sales promotion involves the strategies that deal with adding the values with the products to accelerate the sakes of the products. Samsung is the brand that does not focus on sales promotion as such. Some of the strategies for sales promotion is done like providing gifts at the purchase of the phones at the time of occasion. Public relation can be defined as the process of promoting the products with delivering the messages with the help of third party for example, through magazines, journals, newspaper etc. at the time of releasing Galaxy S, the company has took many initiatives in tis direction. The ads have been posted in magazine about the phone delivering messages related to its features (Yeshin, 2012). The company has also made partnership with Google in order to deliver the message related to this phone on Google. It has also been analyzed that Galaxy S was the phone for that the company has made many efforts in advertising. The ads of this phone can be found anywhere such as in magazines, newspapers etc. (Seno and Lukas, 2007). Direct marketing: It is the method that is used to customize the messages for the customers according to their choices (Hackley, 2010). This method helps in making the customer feel important. Samsung uses this strategy to mail the customers whose data is there in the database of the company. The company sends the mails to the target customers who can be converted into buyers easily. The condition in this marketing is that, the company should acquire the data about the customers from different sources. Personal selling can be defined as the process that is required to sell the products personally by the sales executive (Keller, Parameswaran and Jacob, 2011). Samsung is not at all in such activities of personal selling as it is considered as very traditional method of promotion and communication. Samsung do not have its stores that sell only Samsung products but depends on its retailers and distributors to sell its products. Brand image of the company can be defined as how the brand is portrayed in front of the company. It involves various characteristics such as perceived quality, the loyalty of the customers, and association with the brands as well as the awareness of the brand (Ogba and Tan, 2009). Brand awareness is the major part of this section and it is defined as the process of creating awareness about the brand sin the market. Brand awareness analysis provides the idea that how much the customers are well aware and have the idea about the existence of the brand. Brand equity means creating the value of the brands among the customers. The customers based brand equity can be determine by the framework that includes, brand loyalty, brand association. perceived quality and brand awareness which can further be analyzed by using brand awareness pyramid. The above diagram shows the customers based brand equity framework that needs to be analyzed in order to identify the brand image and the equity of the brand in terms of customer views. Brand association: brand association is termed as the qualities that are associated with the brands (Aaker, 2009). Samsung is the brand that is considered as the brand with range of products and associated with many qualities. The above figure clearly mentions the association of the brand. The major association is the services and wide ranges, it has been analyzed that this company has the fastest service and provides the service to the customers without any delay (Amini, Darani, Afshani and Amini, 2012). Other association is availability of the wide range of products. The company offers different products in different price range so it does not consider as the brand of premium customers unlike Apple which is considered as a very high class brand. Samsung is the brand for all but still act as status symbol in terms of some of its products such as Samsung edge smartphone. After analyzing the data, it has been identified that the customers of Samsung has moderate retention rate. This means that it may be possible that they switch to some other brand in case if they get better offers. 58% retention rate of the customers of Samsung suggests that most of the people among the buyer of Samsung sticks to the brand but some of them may switch the brand according to the situation. Perceived quality: Perceived quality from customers perspective is about how customers perceive the quality of the products or how the company makes the efforts to position themselves in the minds of the customers in terms of quality (Hwang, Cho and Kim, 2010). As far as the quality of Samsung is considered, the customers have the image that the product as effective quality that can be relied upon as compared to other brands such as HTC and Nokia. Brand awareness: Brand awareness of the company can determine by the intensity off recall. It is determined by whether the customers recall they logo of the brand at the time when they heard about the products. Samsung is the brand which has moderate brand awareness as when the name smartphone is heard by any of the customers, there are lot more brands other than Samsung that can be recalled by the customers. Keller has given the pyramid model to analyze the brand equity and awareness of the brand. Below is the description of pyramid model for Samsung: Salience: It is the level that describes the question Who are we? from the perspective of customers. It explains that what the perceptions of the customers are when they hear about Samsung. Customers have the perception that Samsung is the brands that have wide range of products with high capability of android technology. Performance and Imagery: This is the second level that is divided into performance and imagery. Performance is about customer service and satisfaction (Magnusson, Westjohn and Zdravkovic, 2011). The customers are satisfied with the image of young style and fun brand. Imagery is the element that describes how the customers needs are met. Customers needs are met with the brands stylish designs and technology. Judgment and feeling: Judgment describes hat this brand has high level of excitement and fun with low level of self-respect as there are wide range of products available. Feeling suggests that the people have high credibility on the brands. Resonance: Resonance is about loyalty. The customers have moderate level of repeated purchase but low level of personal attachment with the brand. Brand meaning: Brand meaning for Samsung is its image I the minds of the customers. As far as the brand meaning for Samsung is considered, it has been analyzed that Samsung aims to project itself as the brand for all and the brand that serves wide variety of products to the customers (Rice and Atkin, 2012). Samsung is the brand from low price to high price models so that it can cover the large customers base as compared to the brand that sell the products to the premium customers only such as Apple.it is the brand with value for money and high effectiveness and awareness. The company is very well known in the world and when the customers head about the smartphones or nay electronic gadget, the company thinks of Samsung as quality brand. IMC strategies of Samsung for brand enhancement: The company has used different tradition tool such as television and newspapers to call off the sales of Note 7 after facing the tragedy of battery explosion (Yeshin, 2012). As the company needs to enhance its brands so some of the integrated marketing approaches has been used by the company: TV ads: The Company has focused on releasing TV ads that provides an overview of the case as well as the safety measures that have been implemented at the time of releasing the new phone that is Samsung Galaxy S8 (Aaker, Kumar and Day, 2008). The ad on television shoes an ostrich that tries to fly and succeeded. This ad shows that Samsung also wants to fly again in the market. Campaigning: the company has focused upon marketing campaigns that are the people about the battery explosion case and also about the safety measures introduced. The new scheme of replacing the note phones has also been launched to gain the trust of the customers back. Conclusion: This report concludes that Samsung is the company that provides wide range of products to the customers. This is the company that is considered to be the company with products that are fun and technological updated. As the company has faced the issue of battery explosion at the time of launching Note 7 it has implemented the strategies of market campaigning with scheme of replacing the phones to gain the trust of the customers. References: Aaker, D.A., 2009.Managing brand equity. Simon and Schuster. Aaker, D.A., Kumar, V. and Day, G.S., 2008.Marketing research. John Wiley Sons. Amini, A., Darani, M., Afshani, M. and Amini, Z., 2012. Effectiveness of marketing strategies and corporate image on brand equity as a sustainable competitive advantage.interdisciplinary journal of contemporary research in business,4(2), pp.192-205. Hackley, C., 2010.Advertising and promotion: an integrated marketing communications approach. Sage. Hwang, S.S., Cho, C.G. and Kim, H., 2010. Room temperature cross-linkable gel polymer electrolytes for lithium ion batteries by in situ cationic polymerization of divinyl ether.Electrochemistry Communications,12(7), pp.916-919. Keller, K.L., Parameswaran, M.G. and Jacob, I., 2011.Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity. Pearson Education India. Kitchen, P.J. and Burgmann, I., 2010.Integrated marketing communication. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Magnusson, P., Westjohn, S.A. and Zdravkovic, S., 2011. What? I thought Samsung was Japanese: accurate or not, perceived country of origin matters.International Marketing Review,28(5), pp.454-472. Ogba, I.E. and Tan, Z., 2009. Exploring the impact of brand image on customer loyalty and commitment in China.Journal of Technology Management in China,4(2), pp.132-144. Rice, R.E. and Atkin, C.K., 2012.Public communication campaigns. Sage. Seno, D. and Lukas, B.A., 2007. The equity effect of product endorsement by celebrities: A conceptual framework from a co-branding perspective.European Journal of Marketing,41(1/2), pp.121-134. Yeshin, T., 2012.Integrated marketing communications. Routledge.